Автор статьи под конец её написания видать дико устал и поэтому халтурно воспел США.
На самом деле
только избыточную часть репараций США вернули американцы с пользой при этом для себя, потому что пошло излишне уплаченное на обучение китайских студентов в США в том числе, и обучение китайцев американцами в Китае, т.е. на благо США.
Китайцы просто переплатили поскольку заплатили золотом, а не серебром как было предусмотрено соглашением и в результате возникла разница.
https://www.mobt3ath.com/uplode/book/book-19601.pdf"The Remitting of American Boxer Indemnity Reparations
There was three-year long controversial negotiation between the Qing Empire and
those receiving reparations over whether payments would be made in silver or gold.
In the end, the Qing Empire paid by gold, which resulted in paying more than the amount on
the Boxer Protocol (Wang, 1974, pp. 185-219). During the negotiation, the U.S. promised
to only take silver. The Chinese Ambassador to the U.S., Cheng Liang, proposed to
United States Secretary of State John Milton Hay that the Qing Empire pay in silver to
America individually. The proposal was rejected. However, Hay did think the gold
reparations exceeded the actual amount. In order to propose and support reducing
reparations, Liang took a chance (Liang, 2003a, pp. 1056-1057). In September 1905,
Liang met President Roosevelt and brought up reducing the reparations again. This time,
Roosevelt agreed (Liang, 2003b, pp. 1494-1495).
In 1906, the Chancellor of University of Illinois, Edmund James, wrote to
President Roosevelt about assisting Chinese students in studying in the U.S.
more Chinese students study in America in his book China and America Today.
He
wrote:
China is now turning to other nations for guidance and for help in educating her
young men. . . . Under circumstances such as these, is it not the part of wisdom
for us to put forth our best exertions to deflect this stream of students to our own
shores, not for the good of China alone, but also for the welfare of America and of
the world? Our former ill-treatment of those who in the past have desired to come
is the greater reason for the adoption of this policy upon a large scale. 'A Chinese
gentleman once said to the writer that he would much have preferred to have his
son study in the United States, but having vainly spent six months of time and
much money in the effort to get him into the country, he had sent him to more
hospitable England. The unmitigated folly of our course of action is now
becoming manifest even to ourselves. It only requires an educated public opinion
not merely to remove restrictions, but to extend a welcome to Chinese students to
our educational institutions all over the land. (Smith, 1907, pp. 210-212)
United States President Theodore Roosevelt delivered the State of the Union
Address on December 3, 1907. In his address, he explained remitting half of the Boxer
Indemnity:
I ask for authority to reform the agreement with China under which the indemnity
of 1900 was fixed, by remitting and cancelling the obligation of China for the
payment of all that part of the stipulated indemnity which is in excess of the sum
of eleven million, six hundred and fifty-five thousand, four hundred and ninetytwo dollars and sixty-nine cents, and interest at four per cent. After the rescue of
the foreign legations in Peking during the Boxer troubles in 1900 the Powers
required from China the payment of equitable indemnities to the several nations,
and the final protocol under which the troops were withdrawn, signed at Peking,
September 7, 1901, fixed the amount of this indemnity allotted to the United
States at over $20,000,000, and China paid, up to and including the 1st day of
June last, a little over $6,000,000. It was the first intention of this Government at
the proper time, when all claims had been presented and all expenses ascertained
as fully as possible, to revise the estimates and account, and as a proof of sincere
friendship for China voluntarily to release that country from its legal liability for
all payments in excess of the sum which should prove to be necessary for actual
indemnity to the United States and its citizens.
This Nation should help in every practicable way in the education of the
Chinese people, so that the vast and populous Empire of China may gradually
21
adapt itself to modern conditions. One way of doing this is by promoting the
coming of Chinese students to this country and making it attractive to them to
take courses at our universities and higher educational institutions. Our educators
should, so far as possible, take concerted action toward this end. (Roosevelt, 1907,
para. 131-132)
On May 25, 1908, with approval from the United States Congress, President
Roosevelt signed the agreement to reduce reparations (Sixtieth Congress, as cited in
Wang, 1974, p. 278)"
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